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Rap beyond the Afterfuture

“Considering the futures presented by two rappers, with their practice emerging from the hip hop culture that formed in the blight of post-industrial New York City in the 1970s.”

A comparison of two visions of the future from the year 2000: Deltron 3030 by the trio of the same name and Welcome to the Afterfuture by Mike Ladd. Many aspects of these albums are considered, including production and even the cover art, although the focus is on the lyrics. Del the Funky Homosapien draws on The Matrix, Ghost in the Shell and Akira and is broadly concerned with the plight of humanity and the downtrodden, while Ladd riffs on Star Trek, Star Wars and Blade Runner and foregrounds racial concerns. The sound and range of references on Afterfuturetake the idea of a syncretic future to the extreme. The trajectory of Del’s rap leads to the blaring ‘Memory Loss’ and the seeming eradication of hope, while Ladd memorializes Amadou Diallo and ‘all those killed by cops’ in a surprisingly gentle and expansive finale. The close consideration allows us to wonder what the imagination of rappers (and others in hip hop) can uniquely offer as we envision the future – and why there has been so little future-oriented rap.

From Global Hip Hop Studies, Volume 6, Issue 1, Apr 2025

Nick Montfort
Written by
Nick Montfort

Nick Montfort, professor of digital media, uses computation to develop literary art. His work includes more than ten computer-generated print books (from seven presses), the collaborations The Deletionist and Sea and Spar Between, and Memory Slam: Batch-Era Text Generation. His most recent book of poetry is human-authored but written under constraint: All the Way for the Win (Penteract Press, 2025) consists entirely of three-letter words. Among Montfort’s MIT Press books are The Future and two co-edited volumes, The New Media Reader and Output: An Anthology of Computer-Generated Text, 1953–2023. He’s also principal investigator in the University of Bergen’s Center for Digital Narrative. He directs a lab/studio, The Trope Tank. For more, see Nick’s site, nickm.com.

Nick Montfort Written by Nick Montfort